Methods, systems, and computer program products for providing human-assisted natural language call routing

ABSTRACT

Techniques for routing a telephone call are provided. A call interface device of an interactive voice response system is configured to receive the telephone call from a caller. A level one agent processing module routes the telephone all to a level one agent for an agent interview of the caller when level three and level two agents are not available. A level two agent processing module handles the telephone call when the level three agent is not available. A level three agent processing module facilitates the handling of the telephone call when the level three agent is available.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/545,382, filed on Jul. 10, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/191,756, filed on Jul. 28, 2005 (now U.S. Pat.No. 8,265,260), the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Exemplary embodiments relate generally to call routing, and moreparticularly, to methods, systems and computer program products forproviding multi-level natural language call routing.

Companies offering consumer products or services usually provide callcenter agents to assist consumers. After picking up the telephone, theagent asks the caller to describe the reason for the telephone call. Ifthat agent cannot help the caller, the telephone call can then betransferred to another agent who is more qualified to help the caller.Because of high agent cost, companies would like to find a way toautomate the agent tasks. Companies could reduce their cost pertelephone call by utilizing an interactive voice response (IVR) systemto respond to caller requests before transferring the telephone call tolive agents.

Traditionally, consumers interact with an IVR system using the telephonekeypad. The caller hears a few options, each having an associated key topress. Earlier services using speech recognition technology directlyreplaced touch-tone menus with speech menus. For example, a caller mayhear: “for account balance, press one or say one.” Later speechrecognition services allowed callers to say one of highly constrainedspoken commands. For instance, a caller may hear: “for account balance,say balance.”More complex speech recognition services determine thecaller's task by asking a series of questions, which is called adirected strategy.

There are several disadvantages of a menu system. If there are more thana few routing destinations, the menus will be arranged in hierarchicallayers and it can take a relatively long time for the caller to get tothe proper destination. A caller may misunderstand the options, andselect a wrong key, which then causes the IVR to misdirect the telephonecall.

SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments relate to methods, systems, and computer programproducts for routing a telephone call. A system includes a callinterface device on an IVR system for receiving a telephone call from acaller. The system also includes a level one agent processing moduleincluding instructions for routing the telephone call to a level oneagent for an agent interview of the caller when a level three agent anda level two agent are not available to handle the telephone call, andwhen the telephone call is not directed by the interactive voiceresponse system after an initial interaction between the caller and theinteractive voice response system. The system further includes a leveltwo agent processing module including instructions for handling thetelephone call when the level three agent is not available, when thetelephone call is not directed by the interactive voice response systemafter the initial interaction, and when the level two agent isavailable.

The level two agent processing module simultaneously initiates a secondinteraction between the caller and the interactive voice response systemand determines availability of the level two agent. The level two agentprocessing module is configured to enable the level two agent to listento the second interaction between the interactive voice response systemand the caller, and the telephone call is routed to the level two agentfor direct communication with the caller when the level two agent isunable to route the telephone call after listening to the secondinteraction. The system further includes a level three agent processingmodule including instructions for facilitating the handling of thetelephone call when the level three agent is available. The handling ofthe telephone call includes enabling the level three agent to listen tothe initial interaction, routing the telephone call to the level threeagent in response to the initial interaction, and directly utilizingcaller utterances of the telephone call to improve speech recognitionaccuracy of an automated recognizer of the interactive voice responsesystem.

Computer-implemented methods for routing a telephone call are alsoprovided. A method includes receiving the telephone call from a callerat a call interface device on an interactive voice response system. Themethod also includes processing the telephone call at a call routingmodule in the interactive voice response system. The processing includesperforming level one agent processing when a level three agent and alevel two agent are not available to handle the telephone call, and whenthe telephone call is not directed by the interactive voice responsesystem after an initial interaction between the caller and theinteractive voice response system. Performing the level one agentprocessing includes routing the telephone call to a level one agent foran agent interview of the caller.

The processing also includes performing level two agent processing whenthe level three agent is not available to handle the telephone call,when the telephone call is not directed by the interactive voiceresponse system after the initial interaction, and when a level twoagent is available. The level two agent processing module simultaneouslyinitiates a second interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system and determines availability of the level twoagent. The level two agent processing module is configured to enable thelevel two agent to listen to the second interaction between theinteractive voice response system and the caller, and the telephone callis routed to the level two agent for direct communication with thecaller when the level two agent is unable to route the telephone callafter listening to the second interaction. The processing also includesperforming level three agent processing when a level three agent isavailable. The level three agent processing includes facilitating thehandling of the telephone call, which includes enabling the level threeagent to listen to the initial interaction, routing the telephone callto the level three agent in response to the initial interaction, anddirectly utilizing caller utterances of the telephone call to improvespeech recognition accuracy of an automated recognizer of theinteractive voice response system.

Computer program products for routing a telephone call are alsoprovided.

Other systems, methods, and/or computer program products according toexemplary embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill inthe art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description.It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/orcomputer program products be included within this description, be withinthe scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanyingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alikein the several FIGURES:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary system that may be utilized toprovide human-assisted natural language call routing;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process for providinghuman-assisted natural language call routing;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary system that may be utilized toprovide human-assisted natural language call routing; and

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process for distributing callcenter agents among agent pools.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments provide a new dialog strategy for a naturallanguage call routing application. The term “natural language callrouting” refers to a telephone routing service that allows callers todescribe what they want, such as information or problems, in naturalspoken language. Exemplary embodiments are designed to maximize thehuman agent availability to reduce misrecognition and re-prompt rate.This dialog strategy seamlessly utilizes human agents to assist thenatural language understanding system in routing telephone calls,especially when the system has problems recognizing the utterances ofthe caller.

Exemplary embodiments provide a call center architecture for maximizingthe availability of human agents. According to one embodiment, the humanagents are categorized into three skill sets or skill levels. The agentsin the first level will interact with the caller directly by asking theuser to repeat a request. The telephone call will be routed after thecaller and agent agree on the domain the caller refers to. Basically,the first level agents are the typical call center agents in use today.

The agents in the second and third skill levels interact indirectly withthe caller through a setup similar to a Wizard of Oz (WOz) framework. Ina typical WOz framework, the subject talks to what appears to be anautomatic system, but the system's responses are in fact generated by ahuman (the “wizard”) in the call center. The system will be set up sothat the callers think that they are interacting with an IVR system. Anagent in the second skill level will interact with the caller if the IVRsystem fails to recognize the caller utterance for whatever reasons. Anagent in the third skill level will help the user from the beginning ofthe telephone call and allow the caller to bypass the automatedrecognizer portion of the IVR system. If the agent in these upper skilllevels thinks that he/she needs to ask additional questions and/or getadditional clarification from the caller, the agent can take over thetelephone call and speak directly to the caller.

There are benefits for the agents in the third skill level to interactdirectly with the callers. First, the recorded caller's utterances maybe directly utilized for training and improving the speech recognitionaccuracy of the automated recognizer and call routing software sincecallers think they are interacting with the IVR system. Second, callerstypically talk less with the machine/system that with the human agent,so the agents will be free to help other callers faster.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary system that may be utilized toprovide human-assisted natural language call routing. The system in FIG.1 includes an IVR system 104 for receiving a telephone call 102 from acaller. The IVR system 104 includes a call interface device 108 forreceiving a telephone call, and call routing software 106 to route thetelephone call 102 between the level three agent(s) 110, the level twoagent(s) 112 and the level one agent(s) 114 and the routing destinations118. When the telephone call 102 first comes in, the IVR system 104interacts with the caller.

The telephone call 102 comes in to the IVR system 104 from a telephonenetwork via a call interface device 108 such as a telephony card for apublic switched telephone network (PSTN), and/or a network card forvoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). In exemplary embodiments, based onthe dialed number identification service (DNIS) (i.e., the telephonenumber dialed by the caller), the call routing software 106 is activatedto carry out the processing described below in reference to FIGS. 2 and4. Other DNISs may be handled by the same IVR system 104 and cause theactivation of other routing software (not shown) in the IVR system 104.If a level one agent 114 is selected, the call routing software 106 willperform a plain call transfer. If a level three agent 110 is selected,the application will perform a special case of a three way conference,but the caller will not hear what the agent says (WoZ setup). Thetransfer to the level two agent 112 is similar to the level three agent110, but it happens only after the caller's utterance has not beenrecognized by the IVR system 104.

The IVR system 104 may be implemented by any commercially availablesystem such as, but not limited to: the Nortel Media Processing Serverfrom Nortel; the NexusPoint platform from VoiceGenie; the HMIHY (How MayI Help You) system from AT&T; and the Call Director system from BBN. Thelevel three agent(s) 110, level two agent(s) 112 and level one agent(s)114 are referred to collectively herein as call center operators. Thelevel three agent(s) 110 are assigned to a level three agent pool, thelevel two agent(s) 112 are assigned to a level two agent pool, and thelevel one agent(s) 114 are assigned to a level three agent pool. SeeFIG. 4 and the accompanying description for an exemplary embodiment ofhow the agents are assigned to the agent pools.

The system for routing telephone calls, the IVR system 104, depicted inFIG. 1 includes call routing software 106. The call routing software 106includes three modules: a level one agent processing module, a level twoagent processing module and a level three agent processing module. Thelevel one agent processing module facilitates the handling of thetelephone call 102 when it is not directed by the IVR system 104 afteran initial and second interaction between the caller and the IVR system104. In other words, after two attempts by the IVR system 104 tounderstand the utterances of the caller, the telephone call 102 isrouted to a level one agent 114.

The level two agent processing module facilitates the handling of thetelephone call 102 when it is not directed by the IVR system 104 afterthe initial interaction with the IVR system 104, and when a level twoagent 112 is available (i.e., a level two agent 112 is idle in the leveltwo agent pool). If a level two agent 112 is available, the level twoagent 112 listens in on the second interaction between the IVR system104 and the caller (and may also replay the initial interaction betweenthe IVR system 104 and the caller) and routes the telephone call 102(without the callers knowledge) based on what he or she hears.

The level three agent processing module in the call routing software 106facilitates the handling of the telephone call 102 when a level threeagent 110 is available/idle in the level three agent pool. If a levelthree agent 110 is available, the level three agent 110 listens in onthe first interaction between the IVR system 104 and the caller androutes the telephone call 102 (without the callers knowledge) based onwhat he or she hears.

The level three agents 110, level two agents 112 and level one agents114 utilize telephone devices such as Natural Language Speech Assistant(NLSA) from Unisys. In exemplary embodiments, the telephone devicesinclude a combination of telephony set up and software. The telephony isset up so that the call 102 is transferred to an agent, but whatever theagent says will not be heard by the caller. The recognizer portion ofthe IVR system 104 will not listen to the caller at that time either.After the caller repeats the request, or the agent replays the recordedutterance, the agent will select a destination. The caller will then betransferred to that selected destination, or routing destination 118.

Functions performed by the telephone devices include listening tointeractions between the IVR system 104 and the caller, communicating arouting destination 118 to the IVR system 104 and speaking directly tothe caller. If an agent only has the skills to perform level oneprocessing, the agent device would not need to include the ability tolisten in to the initial and second interactions between the IVR system104 and the caller.

Routing destinations 118 include any place where the telephone call 102may be routed including, but not limited to: an agent in a particulardepartment, an agent specialized in a particular subject, a recordedmessage, another IVR system 104, and/or another automated call handlingsystem. Based on information from the IVR system 104, the level threeagent 110, the level two agent 112, the level one agent 114 andinstructions from the call routing software 106, the telephone call 102is routed to a particular routing destination 118. The routing may beperformed in any manner known in the art to transfer a telephone call102 from one destination to another.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a process for providing human-assistednatural language call routing using an IVR system 104. In exemplaryembodiments, this processing is performed by the call routing software106. At block 202 a telephone call 202 is received at the IVR system104. At block 204, the call routing software 106 checks to determine ifa level three agent 110 is available. If it is determined, at block 204,that a level three agent 110 is available, then block 206 is performedand the level three agent 206 listens in (behind the scene and withoutthe caller's knowledge) to the interaction (also referred to herein asthe initial interaction) between the IVR system 104 and the caller thatoccurs at block 214. The automated recognizer portion of the IVR system104 is bypassed and the level three agent 110 attempts to direct thecall. If the level three agent 110 can direct the call, as determined atblock 208, the call 102 is routed by the IVR system 104 to a routingdestination 118 at block 210. If the level three agent 110 does not knowhow to direct the call 102, as determined at block 208, the call isrouted to the level three agent 110 at block 212. At block 212, thelevel three agent 110 speaks directly to the caller to determine how toroute the telephone call 102. The routing information is communicated tothe IVR system 104 for routing the telephone call 102 to the specifiedrouting destination 118.

If a level three agent 110 is not available, as determined at block 204,the automated recognizer portion of the IVR system 104 handles the callentrance at block 214. If the IVR system understands the caller, asdetermined at block 216, then the call is routed at block 218. The callis routed by the IVR system 104 to a routing destination 118 based oninstructions from the IVR system 104. If the IVR system 104 does notunderstand the caller, as determined at block 216, then the IVR system104 makes another attempt, at block 220 to understand the caller. Inparallel to block 220, the call routing software 106 determines, atblock 222 if a level two agent 112 is available. If a level two agent112 is available, as determined at block 222, then the automatedrecognizer portion of the IVR system 104 is bypassed and a level twoagent 112 listens to the interaction (at block 220) between the IVRsystem 104 and the caller while the caller talks to the IVR system 104at block 224. In addition, the level two agent 112 may also listen to arecorded copy of the initial interaction between the IVR system 104 andthe caller to get more information to be used for directing thetelephone call 102.

If the level two agent 112 can direct the call 102, as determined atblock 226, the call 102 is routed by the IVR system 104 to a routingdestination 118 at block 228. If the level two agent 112 does not knowhow to direct the call, as determined at block 226, the call 102 isrouted to the level two agent 112 at block 230. At block 230, the leveltwo agent 112 speaks directly to the caller to determine how to routethe telephone call 102. The routing information is communicated to theIVR for routing the telephone call 102 to the specified routingdestination 118.

If a level two agent 112 is not available, as determined at block 222,then block 232 is performed. At block 232, it is determined if the IVRsystem 104 can understand the caller and direct the telephone call 102.If the IVR system 104 can direct the call 102, as determined at block232, the call 102 is routed by the IVR system 104 to a routingdestination 118 at block 234. If the IVR system 104 does not know how todirect the call 102, as determined at block 232, the call 102 is routedto the level one agent 114 at block 236. At block 236, the level oneagent 114 speaks directly to the caller to determine how to route thetelephone call 102. The routing information is communicated to the IVRsystem 104 for routing the telephone call 102 to the specified routingdestination 118.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system that may be utilized to providehuman-assisted natural language call routing in alternate exemplaryembodiments. The system depicted in FIG. 3 is a distributedimplementation of an IVR system 104. It includes one or more agentdevices 306 through which call center operators at one or moregeographic locations may communicate with the IVR system 104 to routetelephone calls to routing destinations 118 at one or more geographiclocations. In exemplary embodiments, the IVR system 104 executes thecall routing software 106 to provide human-assisted natural languagecall routing. As depicted in FIG. 3, a network 308 (e.g., a LAN, theInternet, a cellular network, and an intranet) is utilized tocommunicate data and telephone calls between the caller device 304, therouting destinations 118, the agent devices 306 and the IVR system 104.In exemplary embodiments, the network 308 carries both data and voice,and may be implemented as a single network or as multiple networks(e.g., one network for voice and one for data). In this manner, a callcenter 116 may be physically located in one or more geographiclocations. For example, a group of operators may be located in onegeographic location with backup operators located in an other geographiclocation.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process for distributing callcenter agents among agent pools. In exemplary embodiments, thisprocessing is performed by the call routing software 106. An exemplaryembodiment includes three pools of call center operators: a level oneagent pool, a level two agent pool and a level three agent pool. Callcenter operators are distributed among the three pools based on a firstthreshold of call center operators that are idle in the level one agentpool and a second threshold of call center operators that are idle inthe level two agent pool. A level two agent is considered to beavailable when the level two agent pool includes at least one idle callcenter operator. Similarly, a level three agent is considered to beavailable when the level three agent pool includes at least one idlecall center operator.

Call center operators may be redistributed among the three pools on aperiodic basis, when specified events occur and/or when specifiedthresholds are met. In addition, the values of the first and secondthresholds may be changed on a periodic basis. For example, first thingin the morning all of the call center operators may be located in thelevel one agent pool and then they may be moved to the level two andlevel three agent pools(e.g., based on the volume of calls to the callcenter). In the example process depicted in FIG. 4, the first and secondthresholds each include a low water mark (the least number of idleagents desired in the pool) and a high water mark (the most number ofidle agents desired in the pool). The processing in FIG. 4 keeps thenumber of idle operators within the low water mark and the high watermark.

Referring to FIG. 4, processing begins with agent level one (i.e., thelevel one agent pool) at block 402. At block 404, the agent levelmanagement processing is activated for the level one agent pool (i.e.,x=1). At block 406, it is determined how many agents are idle in thelevel one agent pool, this number is referred to as “n.” At block 408,it is determined if “n” is less than the low water mark for the levelone agent pool. If “n” is less than the low water mark for the level oneagent pool, then block 410 is performed to replenish the number of idleagents in the level one agent pool. At block 410, the demotion of leveltwo agents 112 from the level two agent pool is requested. The totalrequested agents is all of the level two agents 112, or a number oflevel two agents 112 equal to the low water mark, whichever is smaller.

If “n” is not less than the low water mark for the level one agent pool,as determined at block 408, then block 412 is performed. At block 412 itis determined if “n” is larger than the high water mark for the levelone pool. If “n” is larger than the high water mark for the level onepool, then block 414 is performed. Block 414, requests the promotion oflevel one agents 114 to level two agents 112 in the level two agentpool. The number of level one agents 114 promoted is equal to thedifference between “n” and the high water mark for the level one pool.If “n” is not larger than the high water mark for the level one pool, asdetermined at block 412, then block 416 is performed. At block 416, itis determined if the processing in FIG. 4 has been performed for callcenter agents in the first and second agent pools. If the processing hasbeen performed for the first and second agent pools, then the processingis stopped at block 418. If not, processing continues at block 420 whichspecifies that the processing should continue at block 404 for thesecond agent pool.

In this manner, the processing depicted in FIG. 4 is performed for boththe first agent pool and the second agent pool. Call center operatorsare distributed among the first agent pool, the second agent pool andthe third agent pool. The low and high water marks may be the samevalues or different values for the first agent pool and the second agentpool.

In alternate exemplary embodiments, the call routing software 106receives updates on how many active agent devices, or call centeroperators, are idle and which of the idle call center operators arelevel one agents 114, level two agents 112 and/or level three agents110. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, only some callcenter operators may be trained to operate as level two agents 112and/or as level three agents 110. In these embodiments, the call routingsoftware 106 keeps track of which call center operators can be routedlevel two and/or level three agent telephone calls and attempts tomaximize the use of the available agents (e.g., by routing all level oneagent telephone calls to agents that can only operate as level oneagents).

Exemplary embodiments may be utilized to maximize the human agentavailability and to improve the performance of the automated callhandling systems and automated recognizers (e.g., automated naturallanguage call routing systems) by dividing them into multiple levels.The system may be utilized to generate good speech recognition andunderstanding rates while improving the re-prompt rate. The worse casescenario happens when no agents are available to be promoted from thefirst skill level into the second or third skill level. In this case,the system operates as a traditional natural language call routingsystem. If human agents from the second or third skill level areinvolved, the system performance may be improved. This may lead to alower routing misdirect rate and a lower re-prompt rate which may resultin increased caller satisfaction.

As described above, embodiments may be in the form ofcomputer-implemented processes and apparatuses for practicing thoseprocesses. In exemplary embodiments, the invention is embodied incomputer program code executed by one or more network elements.Embodiments include computer program code containing instructionsembodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, harddrives, or any other computer-readable storage medium, wherein, when thecomputer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, thecomputer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. Embodimentsinclude computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storagemedium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted oversome transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling,through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, whenthe computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, thecomputer becomes an apparatus for practicing exemplary embodiments. Whenimplemented on a general-purpose microprocessor, the computer programcode segments configure the microprocessor to create specific logiccircuits.

While the invention has been described with reference to exemplaryembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted forelements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Inaddition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situationor material to the teachings of the invention without departing from theessential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the inventionnot be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying outthis invention, but that the invention will include all embodimentsfalling within the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for routing a telephone call, the systemcomprising: a call interface device of an interactive voice responsesystem configured to receive the telephone call from a caller; a levelone agent processing module including instructions for routing thetelephone call to a level one agent for an agent interview of the callerwhen a level three agent and a level two agent are not available tohandle the telephone call, and when the telephone call is not directedby the interactive voice response system after an initial interactionbetween the caller and the interactive voice response system; a leveltwo agent processing module including instructions for handling thetelephone call when the level three agent is not available, when thetelephone call is not directed by the interactive voice response systemafter the initial interaction, and when the level two agent isavailable, the level two agent processing module simultaneouslyinitiating a second interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system and determining availability of the level twoagent; wherein the level two agent processing module is configured toenable the level two agent to listen to the second interaction betweenthe interactive voice response system and the caller, and the telephonecall is routed to the level two agent for direct communication with thecaller when the level two agent is unable to route the telephone callafter listening to the second interaction; and a level three agentprocessing module including instructions for facilitating the handlingof the telephone call when the level three agent is available, thehandling of the telephone call including: enabling the level three agentto listen to the initial interaction; routing the telephone call to thelevel three agent in response to the initial interaction; and directlyutilizing caller utterances of the telephone call to improve speechrecognition accuracy of an automated recognizer of the interactive voiceresponse system.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a response providedto the caller by the first agent is generated by a human throughindirect communication such that the caller perceives the telephone callis conducted between the caller and the interactive voice responsesystem.
 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a level one agentpool, a level two agent pool and a level three agent pool, wherein: aplurality of call center operator assignments are distributed among thelevel one agent pool, the level two agent pool, and the level threeagent pool based on a first threshold of call center operators that areidle in the level one agent pool and a second threshold of call centeroperators that are idle in the level two agent pool; the level two agentis available when the level two agent pool includes an idle call centeroperator; and the level three agent is available when the level threeagent pool includes an idle call center operator.
 4. The system of claim3, wherein the call center operators are re-distributed on a periodicbasis among the level one agent pool, the level two agent pool, and thelevel three agent pool based on the first threshold and the secondthreshold.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein values of the firstthreshold and the second threshold vary on a periodic basis.
 6. Thesystem of claim 3, wherein the first threshold includes a low water markand a high water mark, a number of the call center operators from thelevel one agent pool are promoted to the level two agent pool when anumber of idle call center operators in the level one agent pool is morethan the high water mark, and a number of the call center operators fromthe level two agent pool are demoted to the level one agent pool when anumber of idle call center operators in the level one agent pool is lessthan the low water mark.
 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the secondthreshold includes a low water mark and a high water mark, a number ofthe call center operators from the level two agent pool are promoted tothe level three agent pool when a number of idle call center operatorsin the level two agent pool is more than the high water mark, and anumber of the call center operators from the level three agent pool aredemoted to the level two agent pool when a number of idle call centeroperators in the level two agent pool is less than the low water mark.8. The system of claim 3, wherein a number of the call center operatorsare located in different geographic locations than the interactive voiceresponse system.
 9. The system of claim 3, wherein the interactive voiceresponse system checks availability of the level three agent beforerouting the telephone call to either of the level two agent and thelevel three agent.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the automatedrecognizer is configured to direct the telephone call, and the levelthree agent processing module bypasses the automated recognizer.
 11. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the automated recognizer is configured todirect the telephone call, and the level two agent processing modulebypasses the automated recognizer.
 12. The system of claim 1, whereinthe level one agent processing module includes further instructions forrouting the telephone call to a routing destination in response to theagent interview.
 13. A computer implemented method for routing atelephone call, the method comprising: receiving the telephone call froma caller at a call interface device on an interactive voice responsesystem; processing the telephone call at a call routing module in theinteractive voice response system, the processing comprising: performinglevel one agent processing when a level three agent and a level twoagent are not available to handle the telephone call, and when thetelephone call is not directed by the interactive voice response systemafter an initial interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system, the performing level one agent processingincluding routing the telephone call to a level one agent for an agentinterview of the caller; performing level two agent processing when thelevel three agent is not available to handle the telephone call, whenthe telephone call is not directed by the interactive voice responsesystem after the initial interaction, and when a level two agent isavailable, the level two agent processing module simultaneouslyinitiating a second interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system and determining availability of the level twoagent; wherein the level two agent processing module is configured toenable the level two agent to listen to the second interaction betweenthe interactive voice response system and the caller, and the telephonecall is routed to the level two agent for direct communication with thecaller when the level two agent is unable to route the telephone callafter listening to the second interaction; and performing level threeagent processing when a level three agent is available, the level threeagent processing including facilitating the handling of the telephone,including: enabling the level three agent to listen to the initialinteraction; routing the telephone call to the level three agent inresponse to the initial interaction; and directly utilizing callerutterances of the telephone call to improve speech recognition accuracyof an automated recognizer of the interactive voice response system. 14.The computer implemented method of claim 13, wherein a response providedto the caller by the first agent is generated by a human throughindirect communication such that the caller perceives the telephone callis conducted between the caller and the interactive voice responsesystem.
 15. The computer implemented method of claim 13, furthercomprising distributing an assignment of a plurality of call centeroperators among a level one agent pool, a level two agent pool, and alevel three agent pool based on a first threshold of call centeroperators that are idle in the level one agent pool and a secondthreshold of call center operators that are idle in the level two agentpool, wherein the level two agent is available when the level two agentpool includes an idle call center operator, and the level three agent isavailable when the level three agent pool includes an idle call centeroperator.
 16. The computer implemented method of claim 15, wherein thedistributing occurs on a periodic basis among the level one agent pool,the level two agent pool, and the level three agent pool based on thefirst threshold and the second threshold.
 17. The computer implementedmethod of claim 15, wherein: the first threshold includes a first lowwater mark and a first high water mark, a number of the call centeroperators from the level one agent pool are promoted to the level twoagent pool when a number of idle call center operators in the level oneagent pool is more than the first high water mark, and a number of thecall center operators from the level two agent pool are demoted to thelevel one agent pool when a number of idle call center operators in thelevel one agent pool is less than the first low water mark; and thesecond threshold includes a second low water mark and a second highwater mark, a number of the call center operators from the level twoagent pool are promoted to the level three agent pool when a number ofidle call center operators in the level two agent pool is more than thesecond high water mark, and a number of the call center operators fromthe level three agent pool are demoted to the level two agent pool whena number of idle call center operators in the level two agent pool isless than the second low water mark.
 18. The computer implemented methodof claim 15, wherein the interactive voice response system checksavailability of the level three agent before routing the telephone callto either of the level two agent and the level three agent.
 19. Acomputer program product for routing a telephone call, the computerprogram product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storagemedium readable by a processing circuit and storing instructions forexecution by the processing circuit for facilitating a methodcomprising: receiving the telephone call from a caller at a callinterface device on an interactive voice response system; performinglevel one agent processing when a level three agent and a level twoagent are not available to handle the telephone call, and when thetelephone call is not directed by the interactive voice response systemafter an initial interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system, the performing level one agent processingincluding routing the telephone call to a level one agent for an agentinterview of the caller; performing level two agent processing when thelevel three agent is not available to handle the telephone call, whenthe telephone call is not directed by the interactive voice responsesystem after the initial interaction, and when the level two agent isavailable, the level two agent processing module simultaneouslyinitiating a second interaction between the caller and the interactivevoice response system and determining availability of the level twoagent; wherein the level two agent processing module is configured toenable the level two agent to listen to the second interaction betweenthe interactive voice response system and the caller, and the telephonecall is routed to the level two agent for direct communication with thecaller when the level two agent is unable to route the telephone callafter listening to the second interaction; and performing level threeagent processing when a level three agent is available, the level threeagent processing including facilitating the handling of the telephone,including: enabling the level three agent to listen to the initialinteraction; routing the telephone call to the level three agent inresponse to the initial interaction; and directly utilizing callerutterances of the telephone call to improve speech recognition accuracyof an automated recognizer of the interactive voice response system. 20.The computer program product of claim 19, wherein a response provided tothe caller by the first agent is generated by a human through indirectcommunication such that the caller perceives the telephone call isconducted between the caller and the interactive voice response system.